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"no borrowed scans here nor i cut and pasted from other web sites. all notes displaying here are mine"

...Transnistria - One Ruble 2024 100th Year The Formation Of The Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (MASSR)

Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ
Приднестровская Молдавская Республика
(Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic)
 
Transnistrian Republican Bank (Est.1992)
Currency : Ruble (RUP)
 
And the story continues.....
 
Here is another low value commemorative banknote of 1 ruble. issued in October 2024 for the celebration of 100th year since the formation of MASSR (Памятная банкнота 100 лет со дня образования МАССР).

The Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (MASSR) was formed between 1934 and 1940 as an autonomous republic of the Ukrainian SSR. The MASSR encompassed the modern territory of Transnistria as well as the present day Podilsk Raion of Ukraine. During World War II, the Soviet Union took parts of the MASSR's region and dissolved the autonomous territory of MASSR. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1990, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Transnistria) was established, hoping that they would still be part of Russia should Moldova decide to seek unification with Romania. Moldova then became independent in 1991, and shortly after that arms conflict started between the two parties in March 1992. Ceasefire was declared in July 1992, but the unresolved dispute is still unresolved until today.
 
The Transnistria currency of ruble is not negotiable outside its territory. A total of 1,500 pieces were issued, of which 1,490 pieces are packed in booklets.
 
One Ruble
Signature - N/A
Date: 2012 (2024 issue)
Watermarks - Alexander Vassilyevich Suvorov and electrotype ПРБ
Quantity - 1500 pieces with 1490 sets in folders
Dimensions - 130mm x 56.5mm

Front - The format and design of this note is similar to the 2012 series. A portrait of the Russian General Alexander Vassilyevich Suvorov (b.1730-1800) in military uniform. General Suvorav was a Russian born military hero holding the rank of Field Marshal Generalissimo. He was born in Moscow and joined the army at the age of 17 and was promoted to the rank of colonel when he was 32 years old. By 1787, he was then promoted to the rank of General. During his lifetime, he was involved in at least 57 battles/wars with the majority of these conflicts ending in victory in his favour. He died at the age of 70 years old and was buried in the city of St Petersburg. He was the fourth Generalissimo of Russia. 
 
To the right of the note where the watermark area is, is printed with a special marking in the form of a three-line inscription "100 лет со дня образования" (100 YEARS SINCE THE DAY OF FORMATION) in red in the right field of the front side of the banknote, and a color cartographic image of a part of the Northern Black Sea region with the territory of the MASSR, the inscriptions "MASSR" and "DNIESTER" located on the right.

Back - Kitskansk Bridgehead memorial or Chiţcani monument in Chitcani. This monument was built in 1972 (opened 09.05.1972) to commemorate victory against the German invasion during the Second World War in 1944. Chitcani is situated north of Tiraspol, the capital city of Transnistria.

List of all commemorative banknotes issued:

2009 - 15 Years of National Currency;

2014 - 20 Years of National Currency, 2020 sets (4 notes);

2015 - 70 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War (WWll), 7070 sets, 2000 sets in folders (2 notes);

2015 - 25 Years of Transnistria Republic, 2525 sets, 2000 sets in folders (4 notes);

2017 - 100 Years of the Great October Socialist Revolution, 5,000 sets, 2017 sets in folders (2 notes);

2017 - 100 Year of KGB/State Security Bodies, 2500 sets in folders;

2017 - 100 Years of Police Force, 2500 sets in folders;

2018 - 100 Years of Border Troops, 2500 sets, 1000 sets in folder;

2018 - 100 Years of Armed Force/State Police, 2500 sets, 1000 sets in folders (Text - 27 Yrs of the Armed Forces of the PMR);

2019 - 30 Years of Soviet Troops withdrawing from Afghanistan, 1500 sets in folders;

2019 - 75th Anniversary Years of Liberation from Nazi Invaders, 1500 sets in folders;

2019 - 75th Anniversary of Jassy-Kishinev Operation, 1500 sets in folders;

2019 - 25 Years of National Currency, 200000 pieces, 2500 sets in folders (2 notes);

2020 - 75 Years of End of World War ll (1945-2020), 2500 sets in folders;

2020 - 30th Year of Formation of Transdniestr, 2510 sets, 2500 sets in folders;

2021 - 30th Anniversary of the First PMR bank, 2510 sets, 2500 sets in folders issued;

2021 - 30th Anniversary of the PMR Financial System, 2510 sets, 2500 sets in folders;

2023 - 100th Year of the 2023 - 100th Year of Gold Chervonets, 2500 sets, 2490 sets in folders;

2024 - 30th Anniversary of the Pridnestrovian Ruble, 1,500 sets, 1,490 sets in folders;

2024 - 100th Year of Formation of the MASSR, 1,500 sets, 1,490 sets in folders;

 

...Moldova - 1992 Series Full Set of Three Notes

Republica Moldova
Republic of Moldova
 
Banca Națională a Moldovei
(National Bank of Moldova, Est. 1991)
Currency - Leu (MDL)

Another full set of banknotes. These are much easier to get as it only contains three notes in a set.

Here, I have posted a full set of  three notes all printed with the year date of 1992. These notes were first released on 20.09.1993 with the 5 lei and with the remaining two notes issued on 29.11.1993.

These three notes replaced the previous Cupon series of four notes, and for the first time, it had printed with the currency of Leu, which is the same as Romania's currency.

Like those Cupon series, the designs on all three notes are the same, albeit with different values and colours. 

As this is a full set and it is still fairly affordable to buy after so many years. I understand that these notes are still legal tender in the country. 

All notes bear the signature of Leonid Talmaci who was the first Governor of the National Bank of Moldova. He was appointed to the role on 04.06.1991 until 06.11.2009.

One Leu
 
Governor - Leonid Talmaci (tenure 1991-2009)
Date - 1992 (released on 29.11.1993)
Watermark - Diamond shape pattern
Dimensions - 123mm x 62mm

Front - On the front, all notes are printed with the portrait of Stephen III or commonly known as Stephen the Great. In fact, all banknotes issued since 1992 printed with the portrait of him, which is quite common with many other countries that have the same leader or their head of state appearing on their banknotes.

Back - On the back, they are all printed with the Soroca castle or fort. The castle was first built in 1499 by Stephen the Great. As it is called, this castle is located in the town of Soroca in the north-east of the country, not far from the Ukraine border. The castle was originally constructed in timber and between 1543 to 1546, it was then rebuilt with stones. The castle was originally used for military purposes and today it is a main tourist attraction.

Also printed on the back vertically to the left next to the denomination value are the following texts - “Pe-un picior de plai, pe-o gură de rai” (translated - “near a low foothill at Heaven’s threshold” or according to Google translates - "On a foot of grass, on a mouth of heaven"). 
 
Five Lei

 Stephen the Great

Governor - Leonid Talmaci (tenure 1991-2009)
Date - 1992 (released on 20.09.1993)
Watermark - Diamond shape pattern
Dimensions - 124mm x 61mm

Soroca castle

Ten Lei
Stephen the Great
 
Governor - Leonid Talmaci (tenure 1991-2009)
Date - 1992 (released on 29.11.1993)
Watermark - Diamond shape pattern
Dimensions - 113mm x 61mm

Soroca castle

...Bosnia-Herzegovina - 2024 Serise Full Set of 8 Notes

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosna i Hercegovina (Bosnia)
Bosna i Hercegovina (Croatian)
Босна и Херцеговина (Serbian)

Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Est.1997)
Currency - Convertible Mark (BAM)
 
Below are two sets of Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible marks all printed with the year date of 2024. These are reprints from the initial series, first introduced in 2012. Since the introduction of this series, this is the second time that the bank has issued this series in full sets. The last time when a full set was issued was the 2019 series. 

The series is dedicated to famous poets/writers who were all born in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is called convertible mark (maraka) and is divided into Pfenig (1 mark = 100 pfenig). The convertible mark was first introduced in 1998 after the Dayton Agreement was signed in 1995. The peace agreement ended the Bosnian War, which was fought from 1992 to 1995. Following the end of the conflict, the convertible mark currency replaced the Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar, Croatian kuna and Yugoslav novi dinar. As per the currency's name, it was adopted from the German's currency - Mark and Pfenning and at the time of its introduction, the convertible mark was then pegged at par with the German's mark. 
 
In terms of population, Bosnia and Herzegovina is considered as a rather small country. The main population in the country comprises mainly the Bosniaks (predominantly Muslim 50%+), Croats (predominantly Catholic 15%+), and Serbs (predominantly Orthodox 30%+). These three main groups of people represent about 96% of the population of 3.2M+ of people. The country is ranked 133th largest country in the world and ranked 125th in terms of population size.
 
As I can't be 100% sure about this, the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina is required to issue two different sets of banknotes according to the Dayton Agreement (please correct me if I am wrong here, as I may be talking rubbish). On one set, the name of the central bank's name is printed on top with Latin letters for the Croatians, and the other denomination is printed with Cyrillic letters for the Serbian language. The design for the notes with the same denominations are not the same either on both the front and the back. However, all notes issued are legal tender throughout the country. This makes Bosnia and Herzegovina a bit unique as each denomination issued has to be in two versions with the languages of the Croatian and Serbian printed separately, apart from Bosnia's language. Needless to say, each set comprises four notes of 10, 20, 50 and 100 marks. The 100 marks is the largest denomination currently as the 200 mark is not included in this series.
 
These notes were reportedly printed by Oberthur Fiduciaire in France.

Set printed with Croatian's bank name
 
Ten Convertible Marka
 
Front - Portrait of the writer Mehmedalija 'Mak' Dizdar (b.1917-1971). A well known Bosnian Muslim poet. He was born in a town called Stolac, south of Bosnia-Herzegovina.  
 
Governor - Senad Softic (tenure 11.08.2015-03.01.2024)
Date - 2024
Watermarks - Images of two persons holding up round objects and electrotype 10
Dimensions - 131mm x 65mm

Back - Stecak Radimlja tombstone fragment.
 
 
Twenty Convertible Marka
 
Front - Portrait of Antun Branko Simic (b.1898-1925). Antun Branko Simic, a Croat was born in a village south of Bosnia-Herzegovina. He was one of the most important poets of Croatian literature of the 20th century. He died very young at the age of 26.
 
Governor - Senad Softic (tenure 11.08.2015-03.01.2024)
Date - 2024
Watermarks - Images of two persons holding up round objects and electrotype 20
Dimensions - 139mm x 69mm 

Back - Fragment of Stecak Radimlja

Fifty Convertible Marka
 
Front - A portrait of Musa Cazim Catic (1878-1915). He was a Bosnia poet. He studied Sharia Law in Zagreb and worked as the editor of Behar and Biser magazines and in the Muslim Library of Mostar in Bosnia.
 
Governor - Senad Softic (tenure 11.08.2015-03.01.2024)
Date - 2024
Watermarks - Images of two persons holding up round objects and electrotype 50
Dimensions - 147mm x 71mm

Back - Image of a stone relief.

 
 
 
One Hundred Convertible Marka
 
Front - Portrait of Nikola Sop (b.1904-1982). Nikola Sop was a Yugoslav poet, story-teller, playwright and also a translator.  He was born in Jajce to a family of Bosnian Croats.  
 
Governor - Senad Softic (tenure 11.08.2015-03.01.2024)
Date - 2024
Watermarks - Images of two persons holding up round objects and electrotype 100
Dimensions - 155mm x 74mm

Back - Fragment of Stecak Zgosca

 

 
Set printed with Serbian's bank name
 
Ten Convertible Marka
 
Front - Portrait of poet Aleksa Santic (b.1868-1924). He was a Herzegovinian Serb born in the town of Mostar. He was the editor-in-chief of the Zora magazine (1896-1901) and was considered as one of the leading persons of Serbian literary and national movement in Mostar.
 
Governor - Senad Softic (tenure 11.08.2015-03.01.2024)
Date - 2024
Watermarks - Images of two persons holding up round objects and electrotype 10
Dimensions -131mm x 65.5mm

Back - Image of a loaf of bread. I am not sure why they have this loaf of bread printed on the back. Perhaps this may be related to one of many poems (title) that he had written.
 
Twenty Convertible Marka

Front - A side portrait of Filip Visnjic (b.1767-1834). He was a Serbian epic poet and gustar and was born in a village near Ugljevik, northeast of Bosnia-Herzegovina. He went blind at the age of 8 due to smallpox.
 
Governor - Senad Softic (tenure 11.08.2015-03.01.2024)
Date - 2024
Watermarks - Images of two persons holding up round objects and electrotype 20
Dimensions - 139mm x 69mm

Back - A musical instrument called Gusle which Filip Visnjic once performed with.
 
 Fifty Convertible Marka

Front - A portrait of Jovan Ducic (b.1872-1943). He was born in the town of Trebinje in the southernmost part of Republic Srpska. During his lifetime, he was an influential Serbian lyricist and modernist poet. 
 
Governor - Senad Softic (tenure 11.08.2015-03.01.2024)
Date - 2024
Watermarks - Images of two persons holding up round objects and electrotype 50
Dimensions - 147mm x 71.5mm
 
Back - Images of a pen, eyeglasses and opened books.

 
 
One Hundred Convertible Marka

Front - A portrait of Petar Kocic (b.1877-1916). Peter Kocic was a Bosnian Serb writer, activist and politician. He was born in the northern region of Bosnia near the town Banja Luka. This is not the first time that his portrait appeared on a banknote. During the Yugoslav War that took place from 1991 to 2001, Balkan War, the Bosnia & Herzegovina - Serbian Republic issued a series of 9 notes all printed with his portrait on the front of the note. Petar Kocic died relatively young at the age of 39 due to poor health.
 
Governor - Senad Softic (tenure 11.08.2015-03.01.2024)
Date - 2024
Watermarks - Images of two persons holding up round objects and electrotype 100
Dimensions -155mm x 75mm
 
Back - Images of a pen, eyeglasses and opened books.


 
 

...Belarus - Series 2009 (Issued 01.07.2016) Issues, Full Set Third Series

 
Рэспубліка Беларусь
Republic of Belarus

Нацыянальны банк Рэспублікі Беларусь
(National Bank of The Republic of Belarus)
Currency - Ruble (BYN)
 
Here I have posted a full set of banknotes all printed with the year dated 2009. These notes were released into circulation on 01.07.2016. A complete set comprises eight notes. The first four notes for the lower denominations came from an exchange partner from Italy back in October 2016, and since then I have been wanting to get the remaining high value notes to complete my collection. Recently I found three dealers having the remaining four notes in stock, so I decided to buy them to complete my collection. Needless to say, the 200 and 500 rubles are not cheap to collect. This set of banknotes is now 9 years old, and there is no shortage in supply in the market. Since this series was introduced, a few reprints have been issued and you can tell by the year date printed on the center top left side of the note. The signature for the reprints are also omitted from the designs as well. Please note that there are two varieties for the 5 rubles for this 2009 series. It is fair to say that since the reprints are not quite the same as those initial issued series, the set that I have posted here is the only notes issued for this series.

The purpose of issuing this new series was due to currency reform. The exchange rate from the old ruble was 10,000 for one new ruble. This is not the first time the country had a currency reform introduced. In the year 2000, it also went through a currency reform where one new ruble was exchanged for 1,000 old rubles. The largest denomination issued then before this reform was 5,000,000 ruble.
 
This series of banknotes were reportedly printed by DLR and all printed with the year date of 2009. It was also reported that the central bank initially intended to release this series shortly after it was printed, but decided to delay until in 2016 due to the devaluation of the Ruble in early 2009, 2011 and 2015, and also due to the slow recovery of the financial crises which started in 2007/2008 resulted in the stock market crash and an international banking crises impacted around the world.
 
The theme for this series is "Belarus is my country". Each banknote is dedicated to one of the regions of Belarus and the city of Minsk, the national's capital city. On the front, from the lowest to the highest denominations showcased the architectural heritage of Belarus in the historical perspective from its origins to the present day. On the back are paintings depicted about the country's historical, cultural and spiritual heritage using symbols of that era. I must say that the colours for the 50 and 100 rubles are quite similar, especially on the front and I wonder if people get confused between the two notes.
 
The designs for this series are similar to the Euro currency, except that it features historical buildings on the front and history of Belarus on the back, rather than those imaginary bridges designed for those Euro currencies. Personally, I find the designs on the front for the 50 and 100 rubles are quite nice.
 
I cannot say that I am a big fan of Belarusian banknotes. I find them a bit of a risk when it comes to collecting them as the country has gone into currency reform, not once but twice since it became independent from the Soviet Union in August 1991. Both the 200 and 500 rubles are not cheap, and should there be a third currency reform, then these two notes may not be worth the papers it had printed on, except to collectors. However, despite saying this, it is always nice to collect them in full sets.
 
Five Rubles 
 
Front - An image of the Belaja tower in Kamenets city. According to a source, this tower was built between 1276 and 1288. This tower was originally built for defensive purposes and therefore the designs lack any architectural and decorative elements. This is not the only such tower built, as similar towers were also built in other towns such as in Brest, Grodno, Mstislavi, Myadel, Novogrudok, Polotski, Radoshkovichi, Turov and Shklov. However, only the Belaja tower still survives till today. It should also be noted that there are two versions of this note issued. The Belaja tower is also known as the White Tower and is also the main landmark in the city. The one that I have posted here is the first version. The second version is printed with a gap between the brickstone/brick wall in the far right on the front of the note.  
 

Signature - Petr Pyatrovich Prokopovich
Date - 2009 (01.07.2016)
Watermark - Tower of Kamyenuets
Dimensions - 136mm x 73mm
 
Back - Scene of wooden wheel, leather belt fragment, ancient settlements of the first Slavic.
 
Below is the 5 rubles note that is printed with a gap between the brickstone (as highlighted) in the far right hand side, but I do not know why there are two varieties for this denomination. Was this deliberate and what's the reason behind this? I would like to point out that the bank has also further altered the design on the front for the subsequent reprint (2019) with the outline brick wall design on the far left being removed and having this design replacing the solid brick wall on the far right.
 
Dimensions - 135.5mm x 73mm

Ten Rubles 
 
Front - Spaso-Preobrazhenskaja church situated in Polotsk city. This church was built in the 12th century and since then was reconstructed twice in the 17th and 19th centuries. Despite the reconstructions, it retained the original frescoes design.
 
Signature - Petr Pyatrovich Prokopovich
Date - 2009 (01.07.2016)
Watermark - Transfiguration Church
Dimensions - 141mm x 73mm
 
Back - College dedicated to enlightenment and typograph, with images of an opened book, and books stacked together standing on a bookshelf.
 
Twenty Rubles
 
Front - Rumjantsev and Paskevich palace, Gomel city. This two-storey palace was built between 1777 and 1796. The city of Gomel is located in the south-east of Belarus, very close to the borders of Russia and Ukraine. This property is now owned by the government of Belarus.
 
Signature - Petr Pyatrovich Prokopovich
Date - 2009 (01.07.2016)
Watermark - Palace of Rumyanysev-Paskevich
Dimensions - 144mm x 73mm 

Back - Collage on the theme of spirituality, the Turau Gospel, a bell in the center and image of half the bell in the far right. To the far left is an image of the ancient town of Turau.

Fifty Rubles
 
Front - Mir Castle/Complex in Mir. This is a historical fortified castle and a UNESCO World Heritage Site listed in December 2000. This castle was built in the 16th century and this building had appeared in Belarus's banknotes in the past. Unfortunately, this castle carried some unfortunate history. During World War II, this castle was used to house local Jews prior to their murders. Today, it is a tourist attraction in the city of Mir. 
 
Signature - Petr Pyatrovich Prokopovich
Date - 2009 (01.07.2016)
Watermark - Palace of Rumyantsev-Paskevich
Dimensions - 148mm x 73mm
 
Back - Musical chords, collage on the theme of art. A quill pen and musical notes in the background. In the middle is a lyre musical instrument.

One Hundred Rubles
 
Front - Nesvizh or Nyasvizh castle in Nyasvizh. This is also another UNESCO World Heritage Site listed since 2005. This historical building was constructed in the 16th and 17th centuries and was owned by the Radziwill family until 1939. During the invasion of Poland by the Soviet army, the Radziwill family was evicted and used as a sanatorium. Between 2004-2012, the government extensively restored and needless to say, this is now a tourist attraction for visitors.
 
Signature - Petr Pyatrovich Prokopovich
Date - 2009 (01.07.2016)
Watermark - Nesvizh Castle
Dimensions - 152mm x 72.5mm
 
Back - Violin, collage on the theme of theater and folk holidays. In the center is a violin and in the background is a tambourine with an image of a building and people standing on the balcony.
 
Two Hundred Rubles
 
Front - Regional Museum of Art in Mahilyow/Mogilev. This building was built by Architect called A Drucker and was used as a bank until 1914. The Soviet government took over after the revolution of 1917. In November 1990 it turned this building into a museum. The museum houses more than 5,300 items and it is open to the public.
 
Signature - Petr Pyatrovich Prokopovich
Date - 2009 (01.07.2016)
Watermark - Tower
Dimensions - 155mm x 73mm
 
Back - Collage on the theme of crafts and town-planning. An old opened book and below that is a building with three people and a dog running in the background.
 
Five Hundred Rubles
 
Front - The building of the National Library of Belarus in Minsk. This library houses the largest collection of Belarusian printed materials. Construction for this building started in 2002 and completed in 2006. One interesting fact about this building was that it was partly funded by the late Saddam Hussein of Iraq. It was reported that he contributed half a million dollars to the construction of this building.
 
Signature - Petr Pyatrovich Prokopovich
Date - 2009 (01.07.2016)
Watermark - National Library
Dimensions - 160mm x 73mm
 
Back - Collage on the theme of literature. On the left is a quill pen and an ink bottle and a frond (leave from a fern tree). In the middle right is a plant and to the far right is another frond.

...Romania - 100 Lei 2024 Polymer Commemorative 185th Anniversary Of The Birth Of King Carol I Folder

România
(Romania)
 
Banca Națională a României 
(National Bank of Romania, Est.1880)
Currency - Leu (RON)
 
This is one good thing about European Union members that are yet to adopt the European common currency - the Euro, for whatever reasons or restrictions they may be encountering. Since the issue of the Euro currency by The European Central Bank in 2002, the central bank has never issued any commemorative banknote, and this allows countries like Romania (and Poland too) to issue commemorative notes as and when it sees fit. And right now, it seems that Poland is the only EU member that has been non-stop producing commemorative banknotes on an annual basis - Go Polska!

This is the fourth commemorative note issued by Romania since becoming an EU member in 2007. This note is printed on a polymer substrate and issued in a folder with an envelope. Like those three previous issues, this 100 lei commemorative note is also issued as a numismatic product in limited edition and sold at a premium. A total of 30,000 sets in folders were released on 02.12.2024, at a price of 150 lei per set plus tax. In my opinion, 30,000 sets is quite a lot and should be sufficient to meet overseas demands as well.
 
This note celebrates King Carol I's 185th birthday 1839-2024. Romania became a republic since the last King of Romania, King Michael I (b.1921-2017) was forced to abdicate by the occupying Russian forces during the end of the Second World War. The country then went on and was ruled by the communist regime until the Romanian revolution in 1989 when the President of Romania, Nicolae Ceausescu (b.1918-1989) was captured by the army and executed. He died (together with his wife Elena Ceausescu b, 1916-1989) on Christmas day in 1989 by a firing squad after a quick trial conducted by the National Salvation Front (the provisional government during the revolution). Since then Romania has been governed by a unitary semi-presidential republic system. However, despite being a republic, it seems that many of the citizens are still very much fond of their past monarchs and talks were mentioned in the past whether to have a referendum to see if they want to bring them back as King/Queen. Perhaps this commemorative note and the one issued in 2018 would give you some ideas of what they are thinking right now, as I do not see any good reasons for issuing such commemorative banknotes, apart from generating income for the bank. I am sure the government would have also considered the current positive public sentiment regarding the monarchy.

One Hundred Lei
 
Governor - Mugur Constantin Isarescu
Chief Cashier - Ionel Nitu
Date - 1 decembrie 2024 (01.12.2024)
Issue Price - 150 lei plus tax
Dimensions - 147mm x 82mm

Front - The image of King Carol I. King Carol I or Charles I of Romania was born in 1839 and died in 1914, aged 75. He was the first King of Romania and he ascended to the Romanian throne on 15.03.1881 until his death in 1914. He was succeeded by his nephew Ferdinand I (b.1865-1927). In the middle is the Order of the Star of Romania, which is a decoration which was awarded to anyone that is recognised for his/her meritorious service to the country. This award was introduced by Carol I in 1877 when he was a Prince. At that time, this was the highest civil order and second highest state award. In 1940, this decoration award was then abolished by King Michael I of Romania and replaced by the Order of St George. The Star of Romania was then reintroduced in 1998 and since then is awarded by the President of Romania. In the background is a battle scene of the War of Independence. The War of Independence was referred to as the Russia-Turkish War which was fought from 1877 to 1878. Romania was fighting on the Russian side against Turkey and gained independence from the Ottoman Empire.
 
Back - In the middle is the statue of King Carol I. To the left is the image of Peles Castle. I believe Carol I's statue is situated in the garden in front of Peles Castle. The construction for Peles Castle was ordered by King Carol I in 1873 and was not finished until 1914. It is not sure if this castle was completed before or after the death of the King. This castle is located near Sinaia (central Romania), about 120 kilometers north of Bucharest, the capital city of Romania. 

Folder Front Cover 210mm x 148mm